How does isolation transformer prevent electric shock?
The risk of electrocution is always a major concern in the operation of all types of electrical equipment. As an important component of electrical safety, isolation transformers play a key role in preventing electrocution. Today, MobikeChip will provide you with a detailed analysis of how isolation transformers prevent electric shock.
The core principle of electrical isolation
(A) winding isolation mechanism
There is no direct electrical connection between the primary and secondary windings of the isolation transformer, which is coupled only by the magnetic field. This is its fundamental mechanism to prevent electric shock. When the human body comes into contact with the circuit on the secondary side of the isolation transformer, due to the absence of an electrical path between the primary and secondary, even if there is a leakage of the utility power connected to the primary side, the current can not be directly conducted to the secondary side through the electrical connection, thus avoiding the occurrence of human electrocution accidents. For example, in the household electricity, if the isolation transformer into the electrical equipment and the utility between, even if the utility line insulation damage caused by leakage, due to the isolation of the isolation transformer, connected to the secondary side of the electrical equipment is still able to operate normally, and the user will not be contacted by the equipment and electrocution.
(B) Potential difference blocking
Under normal circumstances, there is a certain potential difference in the utility grid, which is one of the root causes of the risk of electric shock. Isolation transformer will be the secondary side of the circuit and the utility grid isolation, the secondary side of the circuit formed a relatively independent electrical system, its potential and the primary side of the utility grid potential independent of each other. Even if the human body comes into contact with the secondary side of the circuit, because there is no potential difference between the grid and the utility grid, there will be no current through the human body, thus effectively preventing electric shock.
The auxiliary role of grounding protection
(A) Safety grounding principle
When using an isolation transformer, the secondary side circuit is usually grounded for protection. The purpose of grounding is to provide a safe discharge path for the current in the event of equipment leakage and other faults. When the secondary side of the isolation transformer electrical equipment insulation damage caused by the shell charged, grounding protection can make the current flow quickly into the earth, to avoid the human body contact with the charged shell electrocution. For example, in industrial production, many large-scale electrical equipment are supplied through the isolation transformer with strict grounding protection. Once there is a leakage inside the equipment, grounding protection will introduce the current into the earth in an instant, to protect the safety of the operator.
(B) grounding and isolation synergy
Isolation transformer electrical isolation and grounding protection synergize with each other to further enhance the effect of preventing electric shock. Electrical isolation prevents the primary side current from being directly conducted to the secondary side, while grounding protection provides a safe channel for possible leakage current when leakage occurs in the secondary side equipment. Together, they greatly reduce the risk of electrocution, providing a double guarantee for the safe operation of electrical equipment and the safety of personnel.
Limitation of leakage current
(A) Restriction of leakage current path
The structural design of the isolation transformer makes the leakage current path restricted. In normal operation, due to good insulation between the primary and secondary windings, the leakage current is very small. Even in extreme cases, such as when the insulation of the windings is partially damaged, the leakage current can only circulate through weak paths such as capacitive coupling between the windings and does not form large current paths that could be hazardous to the human body. Compared with the circuit directly connected to the utility, the isolation transformer greatly reduces the threat of leakage current to the human body.
(B) reduce the leakage current hazard
As the isolation transformer limits the size and path of the leakage current, when the human body accidentally touches the part that may be charged, the leakage current through the human body is extremely small, not enough to cause harm to the human body. For example, in medical equipment, the use of isolation transformers can effectively reduce the risk of patient electrocution due to equipment leakage. Even if the equipment fails, the leakage current under the isolation transformer limit will not pose a serious threat to the patient's life safety.
The application of different scenarios
(A) home electricity scene
In the family, the isolation transformer can be applied to all kinds of electrical equipment, such as electric water heaters, air conditioners and so on. These devices in the long-term use process, there may be insulation aging and other problems, there is a risk of leakage. Through the use of isolation transformers, electrical equipment can be isolated from the utility, even if the equipment leakage, will not cause electric shock to family members, for the family electricity to provide a more reliable security.
(B) industrial production scenarios
In industrial production, there are a large number of high voltage, high current electrical equipment, higher risk of electric shock. Isolation transformers are widely used in industrial automated production lines, machine tools and equipment. It not only prevents electrical interference between equipment, but also effectively prevents operators from electrocution. For example, in metal processing workshop, workers frequently contact with all kinds of machine tools and equipment, the use of isolation transformer power supply can significantly reduce the incidence of electrocution accidents caused by equipment leakage, and protect the personal safety of workers.
At MobikeChip, we are committed to providing you with professional knowledge of electronic components and high quality isolation transformer products. Understanding the principle and application of isolation transformer to prevent electric shock will help you to better protect electrical safety in your daily life and work. If you have any questions about the selection and use of isolation transformers, please feel free to visit MobikeChip website, our professional team will be happy to serve you.
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